In Texas,
Before 1845, heads of families could get about 4600 acres if they arrived before Mar. 2nd 1836, 1280 acres between Mar. 2, 1836 and October 1, 1836. 640 Acres between 1837 and Jan. 1, 1840 and also 640 acres between Jan. 1 1840 and Jan. 1 1842, but 10 acres had to be in cultivation.
Under the preemption grants, from 1845 to 1854, individuals could claim 320 acres, then 160 acres from 1854 until 1856 when the program was cancelled. This was reinstituted in 1866 until 1898. To qualify for these "pre-emption" grants, the settlers had to live on the land for 3 years and make improvements.
Military service grants were awarded 320 acres per 3 months of services before Oct. 1, 1837 up to a maximum of 1280 acres. Heirs of fallen soldiers received a full 1280. Frontier guard soldiers received grants from 1838 to 1842.Confederate soldiers who were killed or disabled were given 1280 acres between 1881 and 1883.
Loan Scrip was issued to raise funds or pay off loans from $0.50 to $2.00 per acre from 1836 up to 1858.
Internal improvement scrip was used to aid development of critical infrastructure. Improvement scrip legislation was repealed in 1882. Scrip certificates of various amounts were awarded for construction of Preston Road from Dallas to the Red River. 320 acres were given for each steamship or steamboat over 50 tons (16 ships were built claiming this award). Constitution of 1876 awarded 10,240 acres of land for every mile of railroad track constructed with the stipulation that alternate sections were to be surveyed and set aside for funding public schools. Scrip was also issued for navigation channel improvements and irrigation canals.
Many land scrips were quickly sold for cash and the land never surveyed or occupied by the people who earned it. Land was also given to empresarios who would recruit settlers to immigrate to Texas.
The Texas Supreme Court declared in 1898 that there was no more vacant and unappropriated land in Texas. In 1900, all unappropriated land was set aside for the benefit of public schools.
The railroads were treated much more generously in terms of acreage, but their costs to claim the certificates was also much higher.
For the record, I do not support the idea of issuing land scrip to support private pneumatic tube companies like Hyperloop.