I would imagine that the facade blowing off of the bottom two floors on 3 sides released a lot of energy that might have otherwise resulted in more serious casulties.
That makes a lot of sense to me - though I have ZERO expertise on such matters. In addition to much of those three sides on the first floor consisting of wood and glass, the second floor was an open mezzanine which would have provided a large path for the released energy. I noticed that on news photographs the windows on the third floor do not appear to have been broken. It probably would have been much worse had there been a typical mid-century remodel where the mezzanine was closed in and most of the ground floor covered by a more solid sort of material with few windows.
By the way, this was not the first hotel explosion in our area. On June 21, 1946 there was a major explosion in the basement of the old Baker Hotel in downtown Dallas which killed 10 and injured 38 people. I recalled that it involved ammonia gas which, at the time, was the very explosive refrigerant used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. But, since it had been years since I last read the specifics, I looked at the Dallas Morning News archives from 1946 to refresh my memory.
Ammonia was definitely involved in the tragedy. After the explosion a cloud of ammonia gas quickly spread through the hotel overwhelming guests. And, at the time of the explosion, workers were installing new refrigeration equipment. The June 25, 1946 edition of the DMN quotes local officials as saying the explosion was caused by a gas pocket above the refrigeration rooms in the basement that was 2 feet high, 52 feet long and 37 feet wide. But officials also stated that the type of gas involved had not yet been determined.
The July 6 edition stated that an inquiry into the cause had been completed. Oddly enough, the only specifics that the paper reported was: "The type of gas that exploded has been determined, but what set it off is still a mystery, the investigating group has indicated." The article made no mention as to what type of gas that was and I didn't see any further articles from 1946 discussing the matter.
I did, however, find a website with information about a subsequent lawsuit that states:
"The Hotel will be able to produce evidence that the explosion which occurred in the basement of the Hotel on June 21, 1946 was caused by the igniting of natural gas which had accumulated in the area above the refrigerator rooms and butcher shop and below the first floor level in the new section of the basement..."
While the death toll and injuries was much higher, it sounds like the damage to the building was not as severe. It did blast a hole in the east side of the hotel's basement which caused concrete covering a lot east of the hotel to fly two stories into the air. In that respect, it was similar to the damage caused to the sidewalk next to the W.T Waggoner building. But I didn't see any coverage suggesting that the concrete there flew up two stories high. Perhaps the concrete flying two stories next to the Baker was where a substantial portion of the energy was released thus minimizing the damage to the hotel. The hotel reopened just four days later though, because of damage to the kitchen, no food service was available and the hotel's popular Mural Room nightclub on the first floor remained closed due to damage.
June 1946, by the way, was a horrific month for hotel tragedies. Earlier in the month there was a fire at the LaSalle Hotel in Chicago which killed 60 and injured 200. The damage in that fire was further fueled by the heavy varnish on the woodwork in the hotel's ornate lobby. And 19 people were killed in a fire at the Canfield Hotel in Dubuque, Iowa. And later that year, on the fifth anniversary of Peral Harbor Day, what remains as the worst hotel fire in US history occurred in Atlanta at the Winecoff Hotel where 119 people were killed.
While doing a google search to get the date of the Baker Hotel explosion I stumbled across stores of another hotel explosion at the Pathfinder Hotel in Fremont, Nebraska on January 10, 1976 which killed 20 and injured over 40 people. The explosion, caused by natural gas in the basement, was similar to the one at the W.T. Waggoner Building but resulted in a large fire that caused further damage. You can read a sad article about the explosion and its long term impact on those involved here and see a number of photos here.
Of all the hotels mentioned, only the Pathfinder did not reopen. The Baker and LaSalle were demolished decades later. The Canfield was able to reopen in its newer annex that was not as badly impacted by the fire and is still in operation. The Winecoff reopened a few years later as the Peachtree On Peachtree Hotel. After decades of sitting empty, the building was restored and reopened as the boutique Ellis Hotel.
Given the above, as others have mentioned, we are fortunate that the number and scope of injuries was not far worse. And hopefully we will be fortunate as well in terms of the building being put back together.
- ramjet likes this